401(k) plan (Retirement Benefits)
In simple terms 401(k) plan is the qualified retirement plan and one of your most valuable retirement planning opportunities for US employees. A defined contribution plan is a retirement plan wherein a certain amount or percentage of money is set aside each year for the benefit of the employee. The benefits are based on the amount contributed and are also affected by income, expenses, gains and loses. Some examples of defined contribution plans include 401(K) plans, 403(b) plans, employee stock ownership plans and profit sharing plan
A 401(k) plan is an employer-sponsored retirement savings plan that offers important tax benefits. You contribute to the plan via payroll (salary) deduction, which can make it easier for you to save for retirement. Perhaps the most important feature of a 401(k) plan is your ability to make pre tax contributions to the plan. Pre tax means, your contributions are deducted from your payment (salary) and transferred to the 401(k) plan, before federal (government) income taxes are calculated. This reduces your current taxable income. You do not pay income taxes on the amount you contribute or any investment gains on your contributions until you receive payments from the plan.
Facts [+]
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act was enacted to ensure the solvency of private pension plans. The law established the rights of pension plan participants, standards for the investment of pension plan assets, and requirements for the disclosure of plan provisions. The act also provided those not covered by a private pension the option of a tax-deductible Individual Retirement Account.
Some organizations enroll all employees into their company sponsored 401(k) plans. According to a recent Hewitt Associates survey of retirement and savings habits, 401(k) plan participation is fourteen percentage points higher in companies where auto enrollment features are in place. The largest increases in participation were found among the plans younger workers.
A survey of recent retirees conducted by Putnam Investments found over 78 percent regretted not saving more during their work years. Fifty-nine percent felt they should have started saving for retirement earlier in their careers. More than a third wished their employer or plan manager had encouraged them to save more aggressively.
What is a 401(k) plan?
A 401(k) plan is a type of retirement savings account in the United States of America, which got its name from subsection 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (Federal statutory tax law in the United States) or Title 26 of the United States Code (permanent federal laws of the United States). A contributor (employee) can begin to withdraw funds after reaching the age of 59 1/2 years. (See subsection "Withdrawal of funds" below for restrictions before that age.)
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Congress added section 401(k)to the Internal Revenue Code in 1978. A 401(k) allows a worker to save for retirement while deferring income taxes on earnings until withdrawal. Other tax deferred retirement plans include the 403(b) for workers in educational institutions, churches, public hospitals and non-profit organizations, and the 401(a) and 457 plans, for employees of state and local governments.
2012/Dec: IBM company's 410(K) plan remains among the best in the industry and contribution for 410(K) plan ranges from 6% to 10% of the employee salary . As a part of strategic move by the IBM, planned to shift its 410(k) contribution from semi-monthly to a lump sum paid yearly contribution for the coming year 2013. This became bad news for the workers and started making complaints on the Facebook about the changes in IBM, which are strategic for saving the cost. IBM's yearly contribution idea may make employees stick to the company till the year ending, if they want to get full benefit out of 410(k) plan. Employees who leave the company in middle of the year on their own or through layoff or disability, will not get full benefit of 410(k) plan.
Definition:
A 401(k) is an employer-sponsored retirement plan, sometimes called a defined contribution plan (in contrast to a defined benefit pension plan). It allows employees to make pre-tax contributions to the plan, up to a specified amount each year. Employers may also make contributions; most employers choose to match up to a certain percentage of employee contributions. The plan gets its name from Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code.
For example, John earns $30,000 annually. he contributes $4,000 of his pay to his employer's 401(k) plan on a pretax basis. As a result, John's taxable income is now $26,000. He is not taxed on his contributions ($4,000), or any investment earnings, until he receives a distribution from the plan.
401(k) plan were first widely adopted as retirement plans for United states workers, beginning in the 1980s. The 401(k) plan emerged as an alternative to the traditional retirement pension, which was paid by employers or owners. Employer contributions with the 401(k) can vary, but in general the 401(k) had the effect of shifting the burden for retirement savings to workers themselves.
In the year 2011, about 60% of American households nearing retirement age have 401(k) type accounts.
Withdrawal of funds
Money that is withdrawn prior to the age of 59½ typically incurs a 10% penalty tax unless a further exception applies. This penalty is on top of the "ordinary income" tax that has to be paid on such a withdrawal. The exceptions to the 10% penalty include: the employee's death, the employee's total and permanent disability, separation from service in or after the year the employee reached age 55.
A 401(k) Plan is Employment-Related
You can only participate in a 401(k) plan if your employer allows you to do so. Your employer must both offer a plan and you must be eligible to participate. Therefore, you cannot set up a 401(k) plan on your own. (However, if you work, you can establish an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) privately. If you're self-employed, you'll have other retirement planning options as well.)
How Much Can You Contribute to a 401(k) Plan?
The amount you save in your 401(k) plan is often called your contribution percentage. If your gross pay is $3,000 and you'd like to put $300 of each pay check into your 401(k) plan, you'll need to indicate a contribution percentage of 10%, since 10% of $3,000 is $300.
Contribution limits:
There is a maximum limit on the total yearly employee pre-tax or ROTH salary deferral into the plan. This limit, known as the "402(g) limit set by the IRS in the recent past, and over the next few years:
401(k) Contribution Limits by Year
For 2009: $16,500
For 2010: $16,500
For 2011: $16,500
For 2012: $17,000
2013 - plus an index for inflation ($500 increments)
On October 20, 2011, the IRS announced 401k contribution limits for 2012. This means that the 2012 pre-tax contribution limit for 401k plans will be $17,000 up from $16,500 with an index for inflation set at $500 increments.
If you are 50 years or older and your employer offers “catch-up” contribution for your 401k, you are eligible to contribute additional amounts up to the maximum contribution limits as follow:These contributions are designed to help people who got a late start or have been procrastinating on their retirement savings be prepared to retire.
401k Maximum Catch-Up Contribution Limits
2004: $3,000
2005: $4,000
2006: $5,000
2007: $5,000
2008: $5,000
2009: $5,500
2010: $5,500
2011: $5,500
2012: $5,500
401(k) Contribution Limits by Year for employees below and above 50 years of age
For 2009: $16,500 ($22,000 if age 50 or older)
For 2010: $16,500 ($22,000 if age 50 or older)
For 2011: $16,500 ($22,000 if age 50 or older)
For 2012: $17,000 ($22,500 if age 50 or older)
401(k) plans, you often hear about advantages like:
Free money from your employer
Lower taxable income
Savings and earnings that accumulate without you having to remember to make deposits
The opportunity to retire and not have to worry about money anymore
D0NT CASH OUT
Don't cash out your 401(k) when changing jobs, no matter how small the balance. This interrupts the flow of compound returns and it's very difficult to make up lost ground over time. Instead, roll over the account to your new employer or a low-cost stand-alone IRA, or leave it in place if it's a good plan.
Borrowing Or Withdrawing Money From Your 401(k) Plan >>
Facts [+]
At the end of 2010, the average 401(k) balance held by a worker in his or her 60s, who had been on the job for between 20 and 30 years, was $159,654, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute
More companies are shifting responsibility for retirement planning and funding to their workers. Traditional defined benefit pension plans and generous matching arrangements are giving way to employee funded 401(k) plans and cash balance plans. Reasons for the change include company cost cutting, competitive pressures, and a general decline in the length of tenure of employees.